Hydrogen.gov | A. Gaseous Hydrogen Delivery

A. Gaseous Hydrogen Delivery

1. New Pipelines
Goal: Lower cost

a) Joining and welding technologies

b) High-pressure materials
Goals: Reduce embrittlement, corrosion, leakage

i. Standardized methods of testing for fracture, fatigue, stress corrosion cracking, and corrosion resistance.

ii. Weldability of higher-grade steel (mechanized welding, inspection).

iii. In-service inspection, integrity monitoring technologies, and risk assessment in high-consequence areas.

iv. Composite reinforced line pipe development

v. Polyamide plastic pipe for 500-1000 psi

a. material specifications

b. performance characterization including rapid crack propagation

c) Coating/lining materials

d) Seals

e) Sensors and gas odorants

f) Controls

2. Existing Natural Gas Pipelines

a) Mixed hydrogen/natural gas transport

i. Conduct cost-benefit analysis.

ii. Identify technical and safety considerations.

a. Technical support and measurement methods to evaluate potential pipeline structural/materials degradation caused by hydrogen embrittlement.

iii. Hydrogen separation technologies
Goal: Low cost

b) Pure hydrogen transport

i. Conduct cost-benefit analysis.

ii. Identify technical and safety considerations.

a. Potential pipeline structural/materials degradation caused by hydrogen embrittlement.

c) Modeling and analysis

i. Effects and control of mixing contaminant gases (e.g., hydrocarbons up to C-5, sulfur odorants, pipeline constituent monomers) in hydrogen.

3. Fueling Stations

a) Compression technologies
Goals: Cost, Efficiency

i. Develop improved compression head designs to increase suction pressure.

ii. Develop compression head designs to capture interstage heat loss.

4. Metering and Physical Properties

a) Thermodynamic and transport properties
Description: Update and revise correlations for hydrogen thermodynamic and transport properties in both liquid and gaseous phases at temperatures from 15 K to 700 K, and pressures up to 100 Mpa. Goal: Ensure equity in commercial sales of hydrogen.

b) Thermodynamic models for mixtures of hydrogen with other compounds

i. hydrocarbons (e.g., methane, ethane)

ii. CO2

iii. alkanols (e.g., methanol, ethanol)

iv. water mixtures

c) Disseminate codes

i. REFPROP database

ii. Chemistry WebBook

d) Reference data for metering
Description: Based on physical measurements (speed of sound, dielectric constant) and including on-line analysis of mixtures.

e) On-line gas analysis

i. Inherently-calibrated photoacoustic instrument

5. Procedures

a) High-pressure compressor operation

b) Purging and filling

c) In-service inspection, evaluation

d) Leak detection

e) Federal/State code compliance

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