A. Integrated Systems Modeling
1. Production
Goals: Cost analysis, market analysis, feasibility study
a) Biological
b) Fossil-based
i. Natural gas reforming
c) Electrolytic
d) Advanced thermochemical
e) Power Parks (combined hydrogen and electricity production)
f) On-board reformers
Description: for ground vehicles, fuel-cell aircraft
Goals: Analyze performance, mass/volume, component design, system design, transient/dynamic response, turndown ratio, reliability, durability
i. Develop a system model.
ii. Develop 1D/2D component models.
iii. Develop a non-equilibrium reformer model.
2. Distribution and Delivery
Goals: Cost analysis, market analysis, feasibility and maintainability study, capacity analysis
a) Pipelines
b) Bulk transport
i. Port capacity
ii. Rail transport
iii. Other
c) Distributed hydrogen refueling
d) Combined building and hydrogen refueling systems
3. Storage
Goals: Analyze cost, mass/volume, reliability, performance, durability
a) High-pressure gaseous storage
b) Carbon materials
c) Metal hydrides
Goals: (in addition to the above,) a transient/dynamic response model
d) Chemical storage
e) Cryogenic storage
Goals: (in addition to the above,) analyze boil-off rate
4. Conversion
Goals: Analyze cost, performance, mass/volume, component design, system design, transient/dynamic response, turndown ratio, reliability, durability
a) Vehicular PEM Fuel Cells
i. Components
Description: Includes FC stack, heat exchanger, separator, compressor, pumps, motor
ii. Platinum group metals cost and availability
iii. Fuel processing vs. direct hydrogen fuel cell system
iv. Operations and maintenance costs
b) Auxiliary Power Units i. Heavy-duty truck APUs
c) Turbines
5. Well-to-Wheels Vehicular Energy and Emissions
a) Development of modeling tool
Description: Involves at least two stages of development of a comprehensive modeling tool and ongoing improvement with actual data as it becomes available. DOE and EPA have an interagency agreement to develop this model, the first stage of which is underway, integrating integrating DOE/Argonne's "GREET" fuel-cycle model and EPA's "MOVES" vehicle and inventory model. Model capable of projecting to 2050.
i. Stage 1 model development
Description: Stage 1 model funded to date will incorporate greenhouse gas emissions and energy consumption. Will include full menu of fuel pathways now in GREET (including hydrogen production from several sources and on several scales) and vehicle technologies including PEMFCs, hybrid PEMFCs, PEMFCs with onboard reforming, and hydrogen ICEs for cars and trucks.
ii. Stage 2 model development
Description: Stage 2, planned for the FY04-05 time frame but not yet funded, will add additional fuel pathways (including coal gasification and nuclear thermal cracking) and will add capability for regulated pollutants and air toxics at all points in the fuel-vehicle system. This stage would likely also incorporate fuel and vehicle technology cost data from V.A. (Systems Modeling)
iii. Incorporation of real-world data
Description: Ongoing incorporation of data from fuel cell vehicle and component test programs (at EPA/NVFEL and elsewhere) and fuel production/distribution/storage experience.
b) Modeling analyses
Description: Utilize the comprehensive modeling tool to perform analyses of projected impacts of various technology and market scenarios.
Goal: Support policy directions and R&D deployment within and beyond government.
i. Initial modeling analyses
Description: Will include comparisons of technology performance and cost vs. energy consumption and emissions for conventional technologies and future vehicle concepts.
6. Other Environmental and Economic Analysis
Description: Integrated analysis, including energy, emissions, and economic factors, covering the full range of hydrogen production, conversion, storage, and delivery.
a) Distributed Generation
b) Large Stationary Applications
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